Romania
Romania, located in the region of Europe & Central Asia, is an internationally classified economy with a "High income" income level. It is home to a demographic force of approximately 19.0 million inhabitants.
From a quantitative perspective, With a Misery Index piercing the 12-point barrier, the domestic economy faces critical frictions, limiting the maneuvering room for its monetary authorities. A sustained disinflationary cycle stands out positively, reducing the CPI by 3.2 points from its recent peaks.
Delving deeper into its institutional metrics, The external profile shows vulnerability due to a deep trade deficit, where imports exceed exports by a margin of 5.2% of GDP.
Demographically, it faces the structural challenge of an aging workforce, with 20.1% over 65 years old. Its central bank backs liquidity with strong international reserves (over $91B), offering a shield against external shocks.
Monetary Policy RateInterest rate set by the Central Bank. Determines the base cost of money in the economy.
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10-Year Bond YieldInterest paid by the government to borrow for 10 years. Reflects market confidence in its solvency.
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SpreadInterest rate difference compared to the safe-haven bond (US/Germany). Indicates the country risk premium.
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GDP Evolution (10 years)
$0.43T
+0.68%
Data from 2025
Historical Inflation (CPI)
7.2%
Data from 2025
GDP per Capita
$22,538
YEAR 2025
Unemployment
6.0%
YEAR 2025
Debt to GDP
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YEAR
Active Population
19.0M
YEAR 2025
Structural Metrics (Hedge Fund)
Population > 65 Years
20.1%
YEAR 2025
Gini IndexMeasures income inequality. 0 is total equality, 100 is extreme inequality.
29.8
YEAR 2023
Exports (% GDP)
35.5%
YEAR 2025
Imports (% GDP)
40.7%
YEAR 2025
FDI (% GDP)Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign capital productively invested in this economy.
2.2%
YEAR 2025
View Raw History (Structured Data)
| Year | GDP (USD) | Growth (%) | Inflation (%) | Unemployment (%) | Debt/GDP (%) | Exports (%GDP) | Imports (%GDP) | FDI (%GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $428.68B | 0.68 | 7.19 | 5.99 | --- | 35.48 | 40.73 | 2.19 |
| 2024 | $382.56B | 0.92 | 5.72 | 5.40 | --- | 35.60 | 41.61 | 1.87 |
| 2023 | $347.76B | 2.26 | 10.40 | 5.59 | --- | 39.24 | 44.13 | 2.50 |
| 2022 | $295.32B | 4.19 | 13.80 | 5.61 | --- | 43.51 | 50.44 | 3.89 |
| 2021 | $285.07B | 5.59 | 5.05 | 5.59 | --- | 40.69 | 46.38 | 4.13 |
| 2020 | $250.62B | -3.60 | 2.63 | 5.04 | --- | 36.97 | 41.39 | 1.44 |
| 2019 | $250.08B | 3.96 | 3.83 | 3.91 | --- | 40.34 | 44.57 | 2.95 |
| 2018 | $241.79B | 5.39 | 4.63 | 4.19 | --- | 41.78 | 45.31 | 3.04 |
| 2017 | $210.15B | 8.20 | 1.34 | 4.93 | --- | 42.33 | 44.82 | 2.83 |
| 2016 | $185.29B | 2.86 | -1.54 | 5.90 | --- | 42.42 | 43.48 | 3.37 |
